Sound Absorption and Sound Insulation

Acoustic design is a very comprehensive system. Although its principle is derived from physical acoustics, it is also related to materials science, architecture, psychology, etc. At the same time, it forms a human and listening environment as the core and focuses on solving the sound quality of the hall. And the science branch of noise control. In order to ensure the sound quality of the interior, especially the audio-visual space, it is necessary to rationally design the acoustics, spatial arrangement and acoustic material decoration.

We know that if the sound encounters a large obstacle in the propagation path, part of its energy is reflected by the obstacle, the other part is absorbed by the obstacle, and some part will be transmitted to the other side through the obstacle , So it has created two different acoustic concepts of sound absorption and sound insulation.

For sound absorption, some fluffy and porous materials are used, and for sound insulation, dense and airtight materials are used.

Sound absorption refers to the use of sound-absorbing materials or sound-absorbing structures to dissipate the transmitted energy and reduce the reflected sound, thereby reducing the noise in the volume.

Sound insulation is to use sound insulation structure to block the sound and reduce the transmission of noise, so that the noise environment is separated from the environment that needs to be quiet, such as noise reduction box, sound insulation room, sound insulation screen, etc. are commonly used sound insulation devices . It has been achieved to ensure the privacy of the indoor environment and reduce the influence of external sounds.

For a single acoustic material (not a specially designed composite material), the sound absorption ability and sound insulation effect are often not compatible. Although it can be used as a good sound insulation material such as a brick wall or steel plate, the sound absorption effect is extremely poor; conversely, if a material with good sound absorption performance (such as glass wool) is used as the sound insulation material, even if the sound wave passes through the material When the sound energy is absorbed by 99% (which is difficult to achieve), and only 1% of the sound energy is transmitted to another space, the sound insulation of this material is only 20dB, which is not a good sound insulation material.

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